Electrolysis
Electrolysis is a process of interchanging of atoms and ions
by the removal or addition of electrons from the external circuit. Electrolysis
consumes Direct current (DC) to drive. Electrolysis is useful in the
separation of elements from ores which occurs naturally.
Explanation
In the process of Electrolysis, a direct current is given to
the ionic substance which produces the chemical reaction at the electrodes and
materials starts separating from electrodes.
Faraday's laws of Electrolysis
There are the two laws of electrolysis described by Faraday:
Faraday First Law of Electrolysis
Faraday's first law of electrolysis states that “The mass of
ions on the electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity”.
If m= mass of the ions and Q is the quantity of electricity
where Q=I x t, where I is the current and t is the time, then according to the first law: m ∝ Q , m = ZQ , m = Z x (I x t)
Where Z is a
constant and is known as the electrochemical equivalent.
Faraday's second law of Electrolysis
Faraday's second law of electrolysis states that “The masses
of ions of different substances by the same quantity of electricity are proportional
to their chemical equivalent weight”.
Uses
Electrolysis is used in many fields. Some of the main uses
are as under:
Electrolysis is used in the production of aluminum, lithium,
sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, chlorine and many other chemicals.
Electrolysis is also used in the production of oxygen and
hydrogen. It has many other uses such as preventing from rust of different
metals, in making of battery chargers etc.
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