Introduction
Batteries are the devices which consists of electrochemical
cells used to provide powers to different electric circuits. These electric
circuits consume electricity to operate. These circuits maybe a machine, device,
toy or many other devices like these flashlights, cameras, smartphones, generators
etc.
Working principle
A battery always used to provide DC electric supply. These
cannot be operated on AC supplies and these can be charged and reused and these
cannot be charged and can be used only one time. Batteries consists of two
terminals one is cathode and the other is anode. The cathode terminal is called
the positive terminal of the battery and the anode terminal is called the
negative terminal of the battery.in batteries current flows through the
positive terminal to the negative terminal. Batteries consists of electrolytes
which are the plates of the varied materials like sodium, potassium, chloride,
calcium, magnesium and phosphate. These materials have the capacity to conduct
electricity. When batteries are connected to the circuits the electrolytes start
moving there ions and a chemical reaction is completed on both terminals and
starts delivering energy to the connected circuit. This all process take place
in a second of time and starts delivering power to the connected circuit.
Types of batteries
There are many types of batteries.The major types of batteries are as follows:
- Primary Batteries
- Secondary Batteries
Primary Batteries
Primary batteries are the batteries which are used once and
cannot be used again. Their chemical reaction is not reversible and these
batteries cannot be recharged. These batteries are commonly used in portable
devices and in the devices which take minor current like alarm clocks, calculators,
small toys etc. These batteries have higher energy densities as compared to the
rechargeable batteries. Alkaline batteries and zinc-carbon batteries are the
primary batteries.
Secondary Batteries
Secondary batteries are the batteries which are used again
and again and can be recharged. Their chemical reaction is reversible and these
batteries can be recharged easily. These batteries are provided in discharged
state and must be charged for first use. These batteries are recharged by the
devices called chargers. The most important type of secondary batteries are the
lead acid batteries which are used in vehicles, automotive etc. These types of
batteries are used in a wide range such as in generators, solar systems for
backup storage of energy, in houses for uninterruptable power supplies etc.
Secondary batteries include valve regulated lead acid batteries(VRLA), dry
cells, lithium ion batteries.
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